Nephrology

1. Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Definition. Etiology.
2. The main links of pathogenesis. Clinical picture various forms of AGN.
3. Laboratory, instrumental criteria for the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. The principles of therapy.
4. Chronic glomerulonephritis: definition, predisposing factors, classification, etiopathogenesis.
5. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), latent form, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, laboratory instrumental diagnostics. The principles of therapy.
6. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), hypertensive form, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, laboratory instrumental diagnostics. The principles of therapy.
7. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), nephrotic form, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, laboratory instrumental diagnostics. Principles of therapy
8. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), mixed form, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, laboratory instrumental diagnostics. The principles of therapy.
9. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), hematuric form, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, laboratory instrumental diagnostics. The principles of therapy.
10. Classification and morphological manifestations of glomerulopathies.
11. Morphological manifestations of tubulopathies.
12. Morphology of nephrosclerosis and chronic renal failure.
13. Indicators: daily proteinuria, microalbuminuria, macrohematuria, microhematuria, albumin / creatinine in urine, protein / creatinine in the urine.
14. Glomerulonephritis: definition, predisposing factors, classification of the main links of pathogenesis.
15. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental diagnostic criteria glomerulonephritis, principles of therapy.
16. Criteria for diagnosis, tactics of therapy of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.
17. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis of nephritic syndrome (postreptococcal).
18. Clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome; the concept of congenital, infantile type of nephrotic syndrome.
19. Definition of the concept of steroid sensitivity, steroid resistance, steroid addiction.
20. Evaluation of renal function (calculation by the Schwartz formula).
21. Treatment and dispensary observation of nephritic syndrome.
22. Treatment, dispensary observation of debut, recurrence of nephrotic syndrome; steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
23. Pyelonephritis: definition, predisposing factors, classification of the main links of pathogenesis.
24. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental diagnostic criteria acute and chronic pyelonephritis, principles of therapy.
25. Criteria for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury according to AKIN.
26. Criteria for diagnosing AKI severity and outcomes according to pRIFLE.
27. Indications and contraindications for acute hemodialysis.
28. Renal replacement therapy in CKD V.
29. Bacteriological examination of urine: dip-slide method, collection medium portion of urine, bladder catheterization, urinary puncture bubble. Collection principles and methods, interpretation of the results of each method.
30. Determination of infection of the upper urinary tract.
31. Determination of complicated and uncomplicated variants of infectionurinary tract.
32. Determination of the severity of urinary tract infection.
33. Principles of therapy for urinary tract infections.
34. Diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.
35. Diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis.
36. Renal amyloidosis: definition, predisposing factors, classification of the main links of pathogenesis.
37. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental diagnostic criteria amyloidosis of the kidneys, principles of therapy.
38. Clinical anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary organs.
39. Classification, differential diagnostics. Sharp retention of urine.
40. Diet therapy. Sanatorium treatment of nephrological patients.
41. Acute pyelonephritis. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinic, diagnostics, treatment.
42. Chronic pyelonephritis. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinic, diagnostics, treatment.
43. Kidney transplantation. History. Indications and contraindications.Immunological bases of donor selection. Waiting list. Cadaveric kidney transplant and living donor transplant, Advantages and disadvantages.
44. Management of patients after allotransplantation. Modern schemes immunosuppression. Preparations. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Monitoring the effectiveness of immunosuppression. Complications. Prevention of complications.
45. Tuberculosis of the kidneys, ureters, bladder. Definition. Epidemiology. Pathogenesis. Classification. Clinical manifestations. Differential diagnosis. Laboratory diagnostic methods.Treatment (medication, surgical). Complications. Prevention.
46. Kidney damage in infectious diseases. Definition. Epidemiology. Pathogenesis. Clinical manifestations. Treatment.
47. Prevalence and epidemiology. Definition. Classifications. Etiology and pathogenesis. Clinical manifestations. Major complications. Differentiation flax diagnostics urolithiasis. Laboratory diagnostic methods. Instrumental diagnostic methods.
48. Rheumatic diseases with kidney damage. Definition. Variants of secondary nephropathies. Etiopathogenesis. Pathomorphology changes in the kidneys. Clinical manifestations. Diagnostics. Treatment.
49. Nephrogenic anemia. Pathogenesis. Diagnostics, control, treatment. Iron preparations, erythropoietin preparations.
50. Alport syndrome. History. Prevalence. Age Aspects. Inheritance types, classification. Etiopathogenesis. Clinic. Diagnostics. Forecast. Treatment.
51. Indications and contraindications for nephrobiopsy. Possible complications. Bleeding. Methods of prevention and treatment. Indications and contraindications for nephrobiopsy in special categories patients (diabetes mellitus, the elderly, patients with significant impaired renal function, systemic vasculitis).